macOS-APFS文件系统及其工具

APFS 苹果官方文档

About Apple File System

Apple File System Reference.pdf

• diskutil apfs 命令集
• gpt命令集
• newfs_apfs 工具
• /System/Library/Filesystems/apfs.fs/Contents/Resources/apfs.util 工具
• apfs_hfs_convert hfs 分区转换为 apfs 分区
• newfs_apfs

将磁盘格式化为APFS

1. 查看所有接入的 disk
   diskutil list

列出所有的apfs分区 diskutil apfs list

/dev/disk4 (disk image):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:      GUID_partition_scheme                        +10.0 GB    disk4
   1:                        EFI EFI                     209.7 MB   disk4s1
   2:                 Apple_APFS Container disk5         9.8 GB     disk4s2

/dev/disk5 (synthesized):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:      APFS Container Scheme -                      +9.8 GB     disk5
                                 Physical Store disk4s2
   1:                APFS Volume NodeModules             24.6 KB    disk5s1

2. 卸载磁盘
   diskutil unmountDisk disk5

3. gpt命令删除所有分区。从后向前删除，空白磁盘可不需要这个步骤
   gpt remove -i 2 disk4
gpt remove -i 1 disk4

4. 清空原有分区表
   sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rdisk4 bs=512k count=1

5. 创建新gpt分区表
   sudo gpt create disk4

6. 使用 diskutil 添加 APFS Container (可直接在空磁盘上执行这一步，分区是否对齐待定)
   diskutil apfs createContainer disk4

7. diskutil list 查看新 APFS Container 对应的disk编号，这里是disk5

/dev/disk4 (disk image):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:                                                   +10.0 GB    disk4

/dev/disk5 (synthesized):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:      APFS Container Scheme -                      +10.0 GB    disk5
                                 Physical Store disk4

8. 向 disk5 添加 APFS Volume
   diskutil apfs addVolume disk5 APFS TheAPFSName

/dev/disk4 (disk image):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:                                                   +10.0 GB    disk4

/dev/disk5 (synthesized):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:      APFS Container Scheme -                      +10.0 GB    disk5
                                 Physical Store disk4
   1:                APFS Volume TheAPFSName             24.6 KB    disk5s1

9. 禁用 Volume 上的 OwnerShip，这里以添加后的 Volume disk5s1 为例：
   sudo diskutil disableOwnership disk5s1

擦除 apfs volume

diskutil apfs eraseVolume disk5s1 -name ErasedApfsVolume

apfs.util 工具

$ /System/Library/Filesystems/apfs.fs/Contents/Resources/apfs.util

APFS Utility tool
Usage: apfs.util <option> [<verb>] path|dir|device [<optional parameter>], as follows:

apfs.util <option> [<verb>] /dev/diskXsY
   -a path        : Get the absolute volume uuid for the volume at path.
   -D get         : Get defragmentation setting for volume or container.
   -D set=yes/no  : enable / disable defragmentation for volume or container.
   -k             : get volume UUID.
   -p             : probe for volume name.
   -R SNAPSHOT    : set the volume to revert to the snapshot named by SNAPSHOT on next mount.
   -s             : set container UUID and its volume(s) UUID(s) to new random values.

apfs.util <option> [<verb>] path|dir [<optional parameter>]
   -A get                    : get atime update setting for volume.
   -A set=yes/no             : enable / disable atime update for volume.
   -C -type type volume_path : clear the purgeability of files of the specified 'type' on the volume referred to by 'path'.
   -E path                   : drop the extents for 'path' from the first snapshot.
   -G path                   : get stats on the purgeable files on the volume specified by 'path'.
   -m <verb> path            : mark the file at path as purgeable with the various options specified.
                               'verb' could be one of: -low -med -high -su -photo -music -mail -document -data
                                                     -podcast -video -movie -message -book -sucontent -fault -pdir
                                                     -clear.
   -M dir                    : flag the named directory as "maintain-dir-stats".
   -O path [fs name]         : override the fstypename for apfs to be "hfs" (or the optional name given).
   -P <criteria> path        : purge files meeting the criteria specified on the volume referred to by 'path'.
   -K path                   : purge(kill) the single file at 'path'
   -r dir                    : set the sync-root flag on the specified directory.
   -S dir                    : get the directory stats from dir.
   -Y dir                    : get the sync-root flag from the specified directory.
   -y path                   : get the sync-root flag from the first parent that has one for the item identified by 'path'.
   -z path                   : make the file at path exempt from copy-on-write semantics for snapshots.
   -Z path                   : get the purgeable file flags for the specific file at 'path'.

apfs.util <option>
   -t  : stitches and creates synthetic objects on root volume group.
   -h  : show this help menu.